Structural dynamics is concerned with the dynamic and transient behaviour of structures due to external forces.
For instance,
how does a structure behave once and after a shock load is applied the that structure?
How do the main elements of structure move, bend, at what frequency, how does the strain and stress vary in the structure elements?
The way in which the different elements of a structure behave under vibration determines:
the level of noise radiated from the machine, equipment and object, which is the transmission medium from vibration to air-borne noise.
The location of anti vibration mounts for the most effective isolation of the structure to input forces and or isolation from transmitting vibration
The action or design improvements required to get a more favourable behaviour under transient and impulse conditions.
To improve the dynamic behaviour of any structure, we must understand the behaviour, in order to model it mathematically. (This can be done with software like MATLAB and Finite Element packages.)
The natural frequencies (eigenvalues)
The mode shapes (eigenvectors)
And the damping coefficient of the structure at every mode shape
The results of the finite element model, is dependent on the constraints and damping applied to the model.
To verify the results of the model, ideally experimental measurements and structural dynamic analysis on the structure should be performed and compared to those from the finite element analysis.
We instrument the structure with transducers the measure the physical properties that are of interest to us.
By using accelerometers, strain gauges etc. to understand the structural dynamics under transient conditions, typical to that of the environment it will operate.
But to verify whether the natural frequencies and mode shapes in the numerical or finite element model are correct, as constraint assumptions were made during modelling, we performed modal analysis using an impulse force (shock impulse) or a dynamic force (sinusoidal wave or random input)
The results and analysis thereof, provide the mode shapes and their corresponding natural frequencies.
These results are then compared with those from the numerical model modal and/or structural dynamics analysis. If they differ, model updating of the finite element model is performed to ensure that the model behaves like the physical structure.
Without the model updating, further work on the model is incorect.
Sometimes there are valid reasons why this approach cannot be followed, like:-
Too costly
And modelling of a sub-component is not effective or realistic, i.e. too small and complex.
Implementing the capability to perform structural dyanmics analysis throughly and accurately involves resources, mainly time and specialist labour. But structural dyanmcis analsyis and model updating becomes a true investment for the future, as the constraints and assumptions taken for modelling are refined by the experimental results, and can be used for future modelling on similar products and environments.
A good example of this, is a electronic circuit on a printed circuit board (PCB).
In our experience, during flight certification using RTCA/DO-160 and Mil-Std-810, there are components that fail during vibration testing using a vibration shaker.
These are usually
Fine wired components
Internals of components
Relatively heavy components detaching
Capacitor legs fatiguing due to vibration
Ceramic components cracking
These are typical failures that we have seen over the last 25 years on PCBs.
We have generated a lessons learnt database that assists us in solving these failures cost effectively and time efficiently, and quickly.
There are also other aspects that contribute to failures on PCBs. And they are:
Designers not adequately informed of the complete nature of the tests that the component will undergo
A lack of structural dynamics and vibration testing knowledge and experience
The incorrect fixings and the locations of the mounts or stand-offs
This is where the true understanding of structural dynamics analsyis is an asset to any design and manufacturing company.
So if you need help with any aspects relating to structural dyanmics analysis, please get in touch.
We do not charge for phone calls and advice. We are just passionate about the structural dynamics analysis and model updating field of engineering, and are happy that we can help you.
Structural dynamics analysis of various assemblies and machines were performed before and after vibration testing, and includes:
Electric motors under high vibration levels, as experienced on a turbine engined aircraft nacelle
Experimental modal analysis of commercial vehicle structures
Updating of fabricated structures to pass vibration testing
Modification of fabricated structures to manipulate the natural frequencies and mode shapes for a healthier behaviour, i.e.
reduce high strain areas where fatigue occurred.
Isolating machinery from transmitting vibration
Design innovation and design improvements of equipment, machinery and products.
These are just a few examples. If you have any queries, please contact us on 01908 643 433.
We perform structural dynamics analysis on existing and problematic equipment. This assessment will include experiemental modal testing to identify the natural frequencies and mode shapes. (eigenvalues and eigenvectors). Using the results of the experimental analysis, we'll update the analytical structural model.
We use established methods to analyse the structural model. Once determining the actual dynamic behaviour, we will update the analytical model. Then verify its behaviour to establish similarities between the experimental data and the numerical or finte element model.
Our experience includes measuring, assessing and analysing structural dynamics on:
buildings
construction sites
offshore structures
large off-highway vehicles
mine shaft lifts/skips
articulated truck trailers
aeroplane engine cradles
jet engine mode shapes
vehicle dynamics
design for vibrational environments